Self contained wound dressing with micropump

ABSTRACT

A composite wound dressing apparatus promotes healing of a wound via the use of a micropump system housed within or above a wound dressing member. The micropump system includes a miniature pump that applies a subatmospheric pressure to the wound to effectively draw wound fluid or exudate away from the wound bed without the need for a cumbersome external vacuum source. Hence, the wound dressing and micropump system is portable which allows the patient mobility that is unavailable when an external vacuum source is used. The patient does not need to be constrained for any period of time while exudate is being removed from the wound.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/483,109, filed on May 30, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,829,263, which isa continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/917,103, filedNov. 1, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,207,392, which is a divisional of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/496,263, filed Jul. 1, 2009, now U.S.Pat. No. 7,838,717, which is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/517,210, filed on Sep. 6, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,569,742,which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/714,812 filed on Sep. 7, 2005, entitled “SELF CONTAINED WOUNDDRESSING WITH MICROPUMP.” The disclosure of each of these priorapplications is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for treating an openwound, and, more specifically, relates to a self contained wounddressing with a micropump system which draws wound fluids into a vacuumzone of the dressing to facilitate the wound healing process.

2. Description of Related Art

Wound closure involves the migration of epithelial and subcutaneoustissue adjacent the wound towards the center of the wound until thewound closes. Unfortunately, closure is difficult with large wounds orwounds that have become infected. In such wounds, a zone of stasis (i.e.an area in which localized swelling of tissue restricts the flow ofblood to the tissues) forms near the surface of the wound. Withoutsufficient blood flow, the epithelial and subcutaneous tissuessurrounding the wound not only receive diminished oxygen and nutrients,but, are also less able to successfully fight microbial infection and,thus, are less able to close the wound naturally. Such wounds havepresented difficulties to medical personnel for many years.

Wound dressings have been used in the medical industry to protect and/orfacilitate healing of open wounds. One technique has been to usenegative pressure therapy, which is also known as suction or vacuumtherapy. A variety of negative pressure devices have been developed toallow excess wound fluids, i.e., exudates to be removed while at thesame time isolating the wound to protect the wound and, consequently,affect recovery time. Various wound dressings have been modified topromote the healing of open wounds.

Issues that continually need to be addressed when using a wound dressinginclude ease of use, efficiency of healing a wound, and a source ofconstant negative pressure. Thus, there remains a need to constantlyimprove negative pressure wound dressings for open wounds.

SUMMARY

In one preferred embodiment, a wound dressing apparatus includes a wounddressing member dimensioned for positioning relative to a wound bed anda micropump system. The micropump system includes a micropump forapplying subatmospheric pressure to at least the wound dressing memberto facilitate removal of fluid from the wound bed. The micropump ispreferably mounted relative to the wound dressing member. The preferredmicropump is adapted to produce subatmospheric pressure ranging betweenabout 20 mmHg and about 500 mmHg.

The micropump system may include control means to control operation ofthe micropump. The micropump system may further include a pressuresensor adapted to detect pressure at a predetermined location relativeto the wound dressing member, and send a corresponding signal to thecontrol means. The control means may include a motor controller adaptedto control or vary the output of the micropump in response to thepressure sensed by the pressure sensor. The micropump system may alsoinclude a power source, e.g., a battery, for actuating the micropump.The battery may be adapted for implantation within the wound dressingmember or external to the wound dressing member. Rechargeable batteriesare envisioned.

The preferred wound dressing member includes a lower member positionableadjacent the wound bed, an upper absorbent member positionable adjacentthe lower member, and a top member. The micropump is at least partiallypositioned within the upper absorbent member. The top member is anadhesive member which is adapted to be secured about the wound bed orwound bed perimeter to provide a seal between the wound dressing memberand tissue surrounding the wound bed. The lower member may include atleast one of a medicament, an anti-infective agent, an antimicrobial,polyhexamethylene biguanide (hereinafter, “PHMB”), antibiotics,analgesics, healing factors, vitamins, growth factors, and nutrientsand/or one of a microbead packing and/or absorbent foam. The upperabsorbent member may comprise a material selected from the groupconsisting of foams, nonwoven composite fabrics, cellulose fabrics,super absorbent polymers, and combinations thereof.

The top member may include an occlusive material which may or may not betransparent. The wound dressing member includes a visual pressureindicator for indicating a level of pressure within the wound dressingmember. The wound dressing member may include a saturation indicator toidentify a degree of saturation of the wound dressing member. The topmember includes an access door associated therewith and beingselectively movable between a closed position substantially enclosingthe wound dressing member and an open position permitting internalaccess to the wound dressing member.

In another embodiment, the wound dressing apparatus includes a wounddressing member including an absorbent member positionable relative to awound bed and a micropump system contained within the wound dressingmember. The micropump system includes a micropump for applyingsubatmospheric pressure to the wound bed to facilitate removal of fluidfrom the wound bed and an implantable or attachable power source forsupplying power to the micropump. The micropump system includes controlmeans to control operation of the micropump and a pressure sensor todetect pressure at a predetermined location relative to the wounddressing member.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the subject wound dressing are described hereinwith reference to the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a self contained wound dressing andmicropump system in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view illustrating the wound dressing ona wound bed and in a normal expanded condition in the absence of avacuum;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the micropump system;

FIG. 4 is a view similar to the view of FIG. 2 illustrating the wounddressing in a contracted condition when subjected to subatmosphericpressure generated by the micropump system;

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating the access door of the wound dressing inan open condition to permit removal of the absorbent layer and/ormicropump system;

FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the selfcontained wound dressing and micropump system of the present disclosure;and

FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of theself contained wound dressing and micropump system of the presentdisclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The composite wound dressing apparatus of the present disclosurepromotes healing of a wound via the use of a micropump system housedwithin a wound dressing. The micropump system includes a miniature pumpthat applies a subatmospheric pressure to the wound to effectively drawwound fluid or exudate away from the wound bed without the need for anexternal vacuum source. Hence, the wound dressing apparatus in the formof wound dressing and micropump system is portable which allows thepatient mobility that is unavailable when an external vacuum source isused. The patient does not need to be restricted for any period of timewhile exudate is being removed from the wound.

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the composite wound dressing apparatus10 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present disclosureis illustrated in the form of a wound dressing 100 with multiple layersarranged in juxtaposed or superposed relation. The multiple layersinclude, but are not limited to a base, or lower layer 102, a packinglayer 104, an absorbent layer 106 which houses a micropump system 108,and a occlusive adherent top layer 110.

The base layer 102 is in direct contact with the wound bed “w” and maybe adherent to the tissue or non-adherent. The base layer 102 istypically porous. “Non-adherent” as used herein refers to a materialthat does not adhere to tissues in and around the wound bed. “Porous” asused herein refers to a material which contains numerous smallperforations or pores which allow wound fluids of all kinds to passthrough the material to the dressing layers above. The passage of woundfluid through the non-adherent material is preferably unidirectionalsuch that wound exudate does not flow back to the wound bed. Thisdirection flow feature could be in the form of directional aperturesimparted into the material layer, a lamination of materials of differentabsorption to the base layer 102 or specific material selection thatencourages directional flow. Bidirectional flow materials are alsocontemplated for base layer 102 to permit infusion of fluids medicantsinto the wound. Exemplary materials used as the base layer 102 include acontact layer sold under the trademark XEROFLO™ by Kendall Corp, adivision of TycoHealthcare.

In addition, agents such as hydrogels and medicaments could be bonded orcoated to the base layer 102 to reduce bioburden in the wound, promotehealing and reduce pain associated with dressing changes or removal.Medicaments include, for example, antimicrobial agents, growth factors,antibiotics, analgesics, debridement agents, and the like. Furthermore,when an analgesic is used, the analgesic could include a mechanism thatwould allow the release of that agent prior to dressing removal orchange.

The layer proximal to the base layer 102 is the packing layer 104. Thepacking layer 104 is intended to absorb and capture wound fluid andexudates. Exemplary materials used as the packing layer 104 include theantimicrobial dressing sold under the trademark KERLIX™ by KendallCorp., a division of TycoHealthcare. Those skilled in the art willrecognize that the packing layer 104 can be formed into any suitableshape. One preferred characteristic as to shape is that the packinglayer 104 is suitable to conform to a particular shape of the wound.

A further use for the packing layer 104 is to decrease the incidence ofinfection in the wound bed. Hence, the packing layer 104 may be treatedwith medicaments. Medicaments include, for example, an anti-infectiveagent such as an antiseptic or other suitable antimicrobial orcombination of antimicrobials, polyhexamethylene biguanide (hereinafter,“PHMB”), antibiotics, analgesics, debridement agents, healing factorssuch as vitamins, growth factors, nutrients and the like, as well as asimple flushing with agents such as isotonic saline solution.

The layer proximal to the packing layer 104 is the absorbent layer 106.The absorbent layer 106 of the wound dressing apparatus 10 is intendedto absorb and capture wound fluid and exudates. The absorbent layer 106also houses the micropump system 108. Preferably, the absorbent layer106 is preformed or shaped to accept the micropump system 108. In thisregard, the absorbent layer 106 may have a concavity or recess 112 toaccommodate the micropump system 108. Alternatively, the absorbent layer106 may be pliable so as to be shaped or formed to receive and/orconfine the micropump system 108. Exemplary absorbent materials includefoams, nonwoven composite fabrics, cellulosic fabrics, super absorbentpolymers, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the absorbent layer 106can absorb a substantial volume of exudates, e.g., up to at least 100cubic centimeters (cc) or more of wound fluid. The absorbent layer 106may include multiple layers.

The absorbent layer 106 also may be treated with medicaments.Medicaments include, for example, an anti-infective agent such as anantiseptic or other suitable antimicrobial or combination ofantimicrobials, polyhexamethylene biguanide, antibiotics, analgesics,healing factors such as vitamins, debridement agents, growth factors,nutrients and the like, as well as a flushing agents such as isotonicsaline solution.

The absorbent layer 106 may further include a pressure indicator 114independent from the micropump system 108. The pressure indicator 114may be mounted to, secured to, or embedded within the absorbent layer106 or within the confines of wound dressing apparatus 10.Alternatively, the pressure indicator 114 is external to the wounddressing 100 and communicates with the interior of the wound dressingthrough a pressure tube or the like. The pressure indicator 114 may bein the form of the commercially available pressure sensor sold under thetradename Dynamic IP® Pressure Sensors by PCB® Piezotronics. Thepressure indicator 114 may be color coded where one color on the device(e.g., red) indicates a non vacuum state and a second color (e.g.,green) indicates a suitable vacuum state. The absorbent layer 106 mayfurther include a saturation indicator 116 mounted to, or embeddedwithin, the surface of the absorbent layer 106. The saturation indicator116 may be a litmus paper such as but not limited to PEHANAL® andPANPEHA® which indicates to the user of the level or degree ofsaturation of the absorbent layer 106 with exudates and wound fluids.The saturation indicator 116 will assist the user in determining theremaining capacity of the absorbent layer 106, or if the absorbent layer106 needs replacing. Although disclosed as being mounted to or embeddedwithin absorbent layer 106, the saturation indicator 116 may bepositioned within any component of wound dressing 100.

With reference still to FIGS. 1 and 2, the adherent top layer 110encompasses the perimeter of the wound dressing 100 to surround thewound bed “w” to provide a seal around the perimeter of the wound bed“w”. For instance, the sealing mechanism may be any adhesive bonded to alayer that surrounds the wound bed “w”. The adhesive must provideacceptable adhesion to the tissue “t” surrounding the wound bed “w”skin, e.g., the periwound area, and be acceptable for use on skinwithout contact deterioration (for example, the adhesive shouldpreferably be non-irritating and non-sensitizing.) The adhesive may bepermeable to permit the contacted skin to breathe and transmit moisture.Additionally, the adhesive could be activated or de-activated by anexternal stimulus such as heat or a given fluid solution or chemicalreaction. Adhesives include, for example, Ultec® Hydrocolloid Dressingor Curagel® Hydrogel by Kendall Corp., a division of Tyco HealthcareGroup LP.

The adherent top layer 110 is preferably in the form of a sheet mountedproximal to the absorbent layer 106. Preferably, the top layer 110 isnot bonded to the absorbent layer 106 to allow for easy replacement ofthe absorbent layer 106. In a preferred embodiment, the peripheralportions 110P of the top layer 110 are bonded to the periphery 102P ofthe base layer 102 and secured to the tissue “t” about the wound bed“w”. It is anticipated that removable liners may also be used to protectthe adhesive surface of the adherent layer 110 prior to use.

The top layer 110 is typically a flexible material, e.g., resilient orelastomeric, that seals the top of the wound dressing 100. An exemplaryflexible material includes the fully or partially transparent dressingmanufactured under the trademark Polyskin® II by Kendall Corp, adivision of Tyco Healthcare Group LP. Polyskin® II is a transparent,semi-permeable material which permits passage of moisture from the woundsite, and provides a barrier to microbes and fluid containment. In thealternative, the top layer 110 may be impermeable to moisture. Thetransparency of the top layer 110 provides visual indicia of the statusof the wound dressing and more particularly, the status of thesaturation level of the layers of the wound dressing. More specifically,the transparency of the top layer 110 permits the clinician to view therespective statuses of the pressure indicator 114 and the saturationindicator 116.

The top layer 110 may include an access door 118 to provide access tothe interior of the wound dressing 100 and/or the wound bed “w”. Thedoor 118 could be a flap integrally formed with the top layer 110 or aseparate component connected to the top layer 110 via a hinge or thelike. The door 118 is preferably resealable to maintain the integrity ofthe wound dressing 100 and to provide a seal relative to the top layer110. One suitable means for releasably sealing the door 118 includes asnap fit arrangement, tongue and groove arrangement, “zip lock®”arrangement, adhesives, VELCRO®, etc. The door 118 preferably providesaccess to the wound bed “w” to enable the clinician to monitor thestatus of the wound, change the absorbent layer 106, change themicropump system 108, or apply additional medical treatment to the woundsuch as growth factors, debriders, or other wound healing agents asneeded. Once the desired procedure is completed, the access door 118would be resealed relative to the top layer 110 to maintain theintegrity of the wound dressing 100.

Referring now to the schematic diagram of FIG. 3, in conjunction withFIGS. 1 and 2, the micropump system 108 will be discussed. The micropumpsystem 108 includes a miniature pump or micropump 120 with a lengthranging from about 1 to 3 inches and a relatively small diameter,preferably, no greater than about one inch. The micropump 120 may be anytype of pump that is biocompatible and maintains or draws adequate andtherapeutic vacuum levels. The micropump 120 may be embedded within theabsorbent layer 106 or mounted to the layer 106, or alternativelyassociated within the confines of the wound dressing 100. “Therapeuticvacuum levels” as used herein refers to a vacuum level that draws woundfluid and exudate away from the wound bed. Preferably, the vacuum levelto be achieved is in a range between about 75 mmHg and about 125 mmHg.The micropump 120 may be disposable, removable, reusable, and/orrechargeable. Typically, the micropump 120 is a pump of thediaphragmatic or peristaltic type, or the like, in which the movingpart(s) draw exudate out of the wound bed into the wound dressing bycreating areas or zones of decreased pressure e.g., vacuum zones withthe wound dressing 100. This area of decreased pressure preferablycommunicates with the wound bed “w” to facilitate removal of the fluidstherefrom and into the absorbent layer 106. The micropump 120 may beactuated by any means known by those skilled in the art. In a preferredembodiment of the present disclosure, the micropump 120 is a peristalticpump. One suitable micropump is manufactured by Piab Vacuum Products inHingham, Mass. Preferably, the peristaltic pump produces subatmosphericpressure ranging from about 20 mmHg to about 500 mmHg.

The micropump system 108 preferably includes an internal self containedbattery source 122, a pressure sensor or transducer 124 to monitorpressure adjacent the micropump 120 or selected locations displaced fromthe micropump 120, and regulation or control means 126. The controlmeans 126 may incorporate a motor controller/driver 128 includingprocessing and drive circuitry to control or vary the drive voltage tothe motor of the micropump 120 responsive to the pressure sensed by thepressure sensor 124. The output of the motor of the micropump 120 may beincreased or decreased, or initiated or discontinued, as controlled bythe control means 126. The pressure sensor 124 would also provideinformation to assist in detecting a leak in the wound closure apparatus10 if the optimal subatmospheric pressure is not achieved. Theregulation or control means 126 may also have an alarm such as a visual,audio or tactile sensory alarm (e.g., vibratory etc.) to indicate to theuser when specific conditions have been met (e.g., the desired vacuumlevel or loss of vacuum).

The micropump system 108 is preferably adapted for implantation withinthe wound dressing 100, i.e., it is an implantable self-contained unit.The battery source 122 and control means 126 may be built into thehousing of the micropump 120. The pressure sensor 124 may be mounted tothe external surface of the housing of the micropump 120 or communicatethrough a port in the housing. The pressure sensor 124 may also bedisplaced from the housing of the micropump 118, e.g., embedded withinthe absorbent layer 106 at a location displaced from the micropump 120,and connected to the control means 126 through an electrical connection.The micropump 120 and battery 122 may be disposable or rechargeable.Preferably, the micropump system 108 is entirely disposable, e.g., aftera single use, and is disposed of along with the absorbent layer 106 ofthe wound dressing 100. Alternatively, the micropump system 108 may beremoved or disconnected from the absorbent layer 106 and reinstalledinto another absorbent layer 106 for placement within the wound closure100.

It is also envisioned that the micropump system 108 may be externallycontrolled via radio transmitter means. In this alternate embodiment, anexternal radio frequency (RF) transmitter or antenna 130 (shown inphantom on FIG. 3) may send/receive signals to a receiving transmitter132 associated with the control means 126 to operate the control meansto control functioning of the micropump system 108. One skilled in theart may readily adapt the micropump system 108 to operate via remoteradio frequency (RF) means. The micropump system 108 may incorporatecircuitry to communicate with a computer, e.g., a hand-held PALM device.

In use, the wound dressing 100 is positioned within the wound bed “w” asshown in FIG. 2. Thereafter, the micropump 120 is initiated to create azone of subatmospheric pressure (i.e., a state of vacuum) within thewound dressing 100. The micropump 120 may be initiated via a manualswitch associated with the control means 126, or may be started via thepressure sensor 124 which detects the lack of subatmospheric pressurewithin the wound dressing 100 and sends a corresponding signal to thecontrol means 126. The control means 126, in turn, activates themicropump 120. As the subatmospheric pressure within the wound closure100 increases, the top layer 110 collapses to the position depicted inFIG. 4. Once the desired level of subatmospheric pressure is achieved asdetected by, e.g., the pressure sensor 124, the pressure sensor 124sends a signal to the control means 126. The control means 126 mayeither terminate operation of the micropump 120 or alternatively varythe speed or output (e.g., decrease) of the micropump 120. In the vacuumstate, wound fluid and exudates are drawn into the absorbent layer 106to be collected therein. After a period of time, the wound dressing 100may lose its vacuum state as detected by the pressure sensor 124. Visualconfirmation of the loss of vacuum state may also be ascertained byviewing the vacuum indicator 114 through the top layer 110. When theloss of a desired vacuum level is achieved, the pressure sensor 124sends a signal to the control means 126 to activate or increase theoutput of the micropump 120. This process may continue several timesduring wound healing.

Once the absorbent layer 106 is fully saturated as detected by viewingthe saturation indicator 116 through the top layer 110, the access door118 may be opened as shown in FIG. 5. The absorbent layer 106 and themicropump system 108 may be removed through the door. As discussed, anew absorbent layer 106 and/or new micropump system 108 subsequently maybe introduced through the door 118 and installed within the wounddressing 100.

FIG. 6 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure. Inaccordance with this embodiment, wound dressing 200 includes a beadpacking 202, contact layer 204, capillary layer 206, packing layer 208and occlusive layer 210. Bead packing 202 may incorporate a plurality ofantimicrobial beads, beads with growth factors, medicaments,antibiotics, analgesics, and healing factors such as vitamins, growthfactors, nutrients and the like. These beads are preferably non-adherentand may be bioabsorbable over a predetermined period of time.Alternatively, the beads may be non-absorbable. The beads may beinjectable into the wound site. Multiple applications of the beads arealso contemplated.

Alternatively, contact layer 204 may be similar to the base layer 102discussed hereinabove and is preferably porous. Capillary layer 206includes a plurality of capillary fibers defining microchannels thatpermit controlled directional flow of a liquid, e.g., to permit drainageof the exudates from the wound. These channels formed in sheets, films,or tubes may be uniform in dimension or random and extend along thelength of the layer. The microchannels desirably permit fluid flow inone direction, i.e., away from the wound for wound drainage, forexample, similar to dialysis filters. Packing layer 208 and micropump212 are substantially similar to their counterparts discussedhereinabove. Occlusive layer 210 may comprise a silicon or hydrogelmaterial that can be adherent on the skin contact side and non-adherentto the outer side, and is preferably adherent in moist/oilyenvironments. The occlusive layer 210 may also be a film forming liquidmaterial which is dispensed from a spray mechanism for application overthe dressing with the same surface characteristics described above.Wound dressing 200 may further incorporate a supplemental port 214 forconnection to an external drainage canister or such as a drainage bag.

FIG. 7 illustrates an alternate wound dressing 300 which incorporatesbiocompatible foam 302 in lieu of the bead layer. The foam 302 may be aresilient, liquid absorbent, porous, polymer-based foam. The foam 302may be a dispensable liquid which at least partially solidifies to acrystal-like arrangement defining hollow tubes to allow exudatesdrainage. The foam 302 is dispensed within the wound bed and ispotentially collapsible to expel air from the foam channels. The foam302 may be an expandable hydrophilic foam which is capable of absorbingfluid from a wound and maintain the wound bed moist. The hollow tubes orvoids defined by the foam 302 also provide a means to conductelectricity, heat, cold, and ultrasound. The hollow tubes or voids alsoprovide a bioactive scaffold for tissue growth. Wound dressing 300further includes an accordion style bag or canister 304 connected to theinterior of dressing 300 through port 306. Canister 304 may becompressed to impart energy to the wound exudates to drain the fluidinto the bag. One suitable system is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S.Pat. No. 5,549,584 to Gross, the entire contents of which are herebyincorporated herein by reference. A one-way valve may be incorporatedinto the port leading to canister 304 if desired.

It is further contemplated that the wound dressing apparatus mayincorporate external means or applications to stimulate tissue growthand/or healing. For example, an ultrasonic transducer may beincorporated into the wound dressing apparatus to impart mechanicalenergy for the treatment of the tissue such as, for instance, directingthermal or vibratory energy on the wound area and/or introducing variousdrugs into the human body through the skin. Other sensor types are alsocontemplated for incorporation into the wound dressing apparatusincluding oxygen, chemical, microbial, perfusion and/or temperaturesensors. The detection of oxygen adjacent the wound area would assistthe clinician in determining the status of wound healing. The presenceof an elevated temperature may be indicative of an infection.

While the disclosure has been illustrated and described, it is notintended to be limited to the details shown, since various modificationsand substitutions can be made without departing in any way from thespirit of the present disclosure. For example, it is envisioned thesubject matter of the commonly assigned patent application filedconcurrently herewith under Express Mail Certificate No. EL 985194499US, and which claims priority to provisional application No. 60/714,805,filed on Sep. 7, 2006, and the subject matter of the commonly assignedpatent application filed concurrently herewith under Express MailCertificate No. EL 985194539 US, and which claims priority toprovisional application No. 60/714,912, filed on Sep. 7, 2006, (theentire contents of each application being incorporated herein) may beincorporated into the present disclosure. As such, further modificationsand equivalents of the invention herein disclosed can occur to personsskilled in the art using no more than routine experimentation, and allsuch modifications and equivalents are believed to be within the spiritand scope of the disclosure as defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A negative pressure wound treatment apparatus,comprising: a wound dressing configured to be positioned over a woundsite, the wound dressing comprising: a contact layer comprising aplurality of perforations through the contact layer that allow for fluidto pass there through; a capillary layer located above the contact layerconfigured to allow transmission of fluid away from the wound site; anabsorbent layer located above the capillary layer configured to form areservoir for fluid removed from the wound site, wherein the absorbentlayer comprises super absorbent polymer material; and a cover layerlocated above the absorbent layer; a negative pressure source configuredto apply negative pressure to the wound site through the perforations inthe contact layer and through the capillary layer and configured to drawfluid from the wound site into the absorbent layer; and a pressureindicator configured to indicate a level of pressure within the wounddressing.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cover layercomprises a transparent material.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the cover layer comprises an adhesive configured to adhere toskin surrounding the wound site.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 3,wherein the cover layer does not adhere to the absorbent layer.
 5. Theapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the capillary layer comprises aplurality of capillary fibers.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the pressure indicator utilizes color to indicate a non-vacuumstate.
 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressureindicator is located within the wound dressing.
 8. The apparatusaccording to claim 1, further comprising a saturation indicatorconfigured to indicate a level of saturation of the absorbent layer. 9.The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the negative pressure sourceis positioned within the wound dressing.
 10. The apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the wound dressing further comprises a port connectedto the cover layer.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, furthercomprising a canister configured to be connected to the wound dressing.12. A negative pressure wound treatment apparatus, comprising: a wounddressing configured to be positioned over a wound site, the wounddressing comprising: a contact layer comprising a plurality ofperforations through the contact layer that allow for fluid to passthere through; a capillary layer located above the contact layerconfigured to allow transmission of fluid away from the wound site; anabsorbent layer located above the capillary layer configured to form areservoir for fluid removed from the wound site, wherein the absorbentlayer comprises super absorbent polymer material; a cover layer locatedabove the absorbent layer; a port connected to the cover layer; acompressible suction device configured to connect to the port to applysuction through the port to the wound dressing; and a color indicatorconfigured to indicate a non-vacuum state within the wound dressing. 13.The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the cover layer comprises atransparent material.
 14. The apparatus according to claim 12, whereinthe capillary layer comprises a plurality of capillary fibers.
 15. Theapparatus according to claim 12, further comprising an adhesive foradhering the wound dressing to skin surrounding the wound.
 16. A methodof treating a wound, the method comprising: positioning a wound dressingover a wound site, the wound dressing comprising: a contact layercomprising a plurality of perforations; a capillary layer located abovethe contact layer; an absorbent layer located above the capillary layer,wherein the absorbent layer comprises super absorbent polymer material;and a cover layer located above the absorbent layer; applying negativepressure to the wound from a negative pressure source, the negativepressure being applied through the perforations in the contact layer andthrough the capillary layer and configured to draw fluid from the woundsite into the absorbent layer; and using a pressure indicator toindicate a level of pressure within the wound dressing.
 17. The methodaccording to claim 16, wherein the cover layer comprises a transparentmaterial.
 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the capillarylayer comprises a plurality of capillary fibers.
 19. The methodaccording to claim 16, wherein the pressure indicator indicates a levelof pressure using a color.
 20. The method according to claim 16, whereinthe pressure indicator is located within the wound dressing.
 21. Themethod according to claim 16, further comprising indicating a level ofsaturation of the absorbent layer with a saturation indicator.
 22. Themethod according to claim 16, wherein the negative pressure source ispositioned within the wound dressing.
 23. The method according to claim16, further comprising applying suction through a port connected to thewound cover with a compressible suction device.
 24. The method accordingto claim 16, further comprising providing a canister in fluidcommunication with the wound dressing.
 25. A negative pressure woundtreatment apparatus, comprising: a wound dressing configured to bepositioned over a wound site, the wound dressing comprising: a contactlayer comprising a plurality of perforations through the contact layerthat allow for fluid to pass there through; a capillary layer locatedabove the contact layer configured to allow transmission of fluid awayfrom the wound site; an absorbent layer located above the capillarylayer configured to form a reservoir for fluid removed from the woundsite, wherein the absorbent layer comprises super absorbent polymermaterial; and a cover layer located above the absorbent layer; and anegative pressure source configured to apply negative pressure to thewound site through the perforations in the contact layer and through thecapillary layer and configured to draw fluid from the wound site intothe absorbent layer, wherein the negative pressure source is positionedwithin the wound dressing.
 26. The apparatus according to claim 25,wherein the cover layer comprises a transparent material.
 27. Theapparatus according to claim 25, further comprising a saturationindicator configured to indicate a level of saturation of the absorbentlayer.
 28. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the negativepressure source comprises a miniature pump.
 29. The apparatus accordingto claim 25, wherein the negative pressure source is embedded within theabsorbent layer.
 30. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein theabsorbent layer is preformed or shaped to accept the negative pressuresource.
 31. The apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the absorbentlayer comprises a recess to accommodate the negative pressure source.32. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the absorbent layercomprises multiple layers of absorbent material.
 33. The apparatusaccording to claim 25, wherein the wound dressing further comprises acolor coded pressure indicator wherein a first color on the pressureindicator indicates a first level of pressure within the wound dressingand a second color on the pressure indicator indicates a second level ofpressure within the wound dressing.
 34. The apparatus according to claim25, further comprising a battery source, a pressure sensor, and acontrol means integrated with the negative pressure source positionedwithin the wound dressing.
 35. The apparatus according to claim 25,further comprising a control means configured to control or vary theoperation of the negative pressure source in response to the pressuresensed by a pressure sensor.
 36. The apparatus according to claim 25,further comprising a manual switch configured to initiate the negativepressure source.
 37. A method of treating a wound, the methodcomprising: positioning a wound dressing over a wound site, the wounddressing comprising: a contact layer comprising a plurality ofperforations; a capillary layer located above the contact layer; anabsorbent layer located above the capillary layer, wherein the absorbentlayer comprises super absorbent polymer material; and a cover layerlocated above the absorbent layer; and applying negative pressure to thewound from a negative pressure source, the negative pressure beingapplied through the perforations in the contact layer and through thecapillary layer and configured to draw fluid from the wound site intothe absorbent layer, wherein the negative pressure source is positionedwithin the wound dressing.
 38. The method according to claim 37, furthercomprising indicating a level of saturation of the absorbent layer witha saturation indicator.
 39. The method according to claim 37, furthercomprising indicating a pressure within the wound dressing with a colorcoded pressure indicator, wherein a first color on the pressureindicator indicates a first level of pressure within the wound dressingand a second color on the pressure indicator indicates a second level ofpressure within the wound dressing.
 40. The method according to claim37, further comprising providing a battery source, a pressure sensor,and a control means integrated with the negative pressure sourcepositioned within the wound dressing.
 41. The method according to claim37, further comprising controlling or varying operation of the negativepressure source with a control means in response to a pressure sensed bya pressure sensor.
 42. The method according to claim 37, furthercomprising initiating the negative pressure source with a manual switch.